genomic and epigenetic instability in colorectal cancer

نویسندگان

akram safaei

sara sobhi

mostafa rezaei-tavirani

mohammad reza zali

چکیده

abstract: colorectal cancer (crc) is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer in women worldwide. both genetic and epigenetic alterations are common in crc and are the driving force of tumorigenesis. chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability and cpg island methylator phenotype pathways are responsible for genetic instability in colorectal cancer. chromosomal instability pathway consists of activation of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppression genes and loss of heterozogosity (loh). in this review, we discuss genetic and epigenetic phenomena that can be suggested   as biomarkers in colorectal cancer.

برای دانلود باید عضویت طلایی داشته باشید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Epigenetic changes in colorectal cancer

Epigenetic changes frequently occur in human colorectal cancer. Genomic global hypomethylation, gene promoter region hypermethylation, histone modifications, and alteration of miRNA patterns are major epigenetic changes in colorectal cancer. Loss of imprinting(LOI) is associated with colorectal neoplasia. Folate deficiency may cause colorectal carcinogenesis by inducing gene-specific hypermethy...

متن کامل

MicroRNAs, Genomic Instability and Cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA transcripts approximately 20 nucleotides in length that regulate expression of protein-coding genes via complementary binding mechanisms. The last decade has seen an exponential increase of publications on miRNAs, ranging from every aspect of basic cancer biology to diagnostic and therapeutic explorations. In this review, we summarize findings of miRN...

متن کامل

Genomic Instability, Inflammation, and Cancer

Accumulating evidence supports that the inflammatory milieu plays a key role in the initiation and progression of epithelial cancer, the most characteristic example being that of ulcerative colitis which is associated with increased risk of colonic adenocarcinoma. Other less frequent and studied inflammatory lesions include asbestos-induced cellular damages, oral lichen planus (premalignant les...

متن کامل

Genetic instability in colorectal cancer.

The development of neoplasia has been thought to be associated with genetic alterations for many years. In colorectal cancer two specific types of genetic instability have been defined. One is associated with chromosomal instability and the other with DNA microsatellite instability, also known as replication errors. The mechanism underlying tumorigenesis leads to profound diVerences in the path...

متن کامل

منابع من

با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید


عنوان ژورنال:
iranian journal of cancer prevention

جلد ۶، شماره ۰۳، صفحات ۵۴-۶۳

کلمات کلیدی
[ ' e p i g e n o m i c s ' , ' g e n e t i c ' , ' c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r r e f e r e n c e s 1 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 s m i t h r a ' , ' c o k k i n i d e s v ' , ' b r o o k s d ' , ' s a s l o w d ' , ' b r a w l e y o w . c a n c e r s c r e e n i n g i n t h e u n i t e d s t a t e s ' , 2 0 1 0 , ' a r e v i e w o f c u r r e n t a m e r i c a n c a n c e r s o c i e t y g u i d e l i n e s a n d i s s u e s i n c a n c e r s c r e e n i n g . c a ' , ' a c a n c e r j o u r n a l f o r c l i n i c i a n s . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 6 0 [ 2 ] ' , 9 9 , ' 1 1 9 . 2 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a h l q u i s t d a ' , ' s a r g e n t d j ' , ' l o p r i n z i c l ' , ' l e v i n t r ' , ' r e x d k ' , ' a h n e n d j ' , ' e t a l . s t o o l d n a a n d o c c u l t b l o o d t e s t i n g f o r s c r e e n d e t e c t i o n o f c o l o r e c t a l n e o p l a s i a . a n n i n t e r n m e d . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 1 4 9 [ 7 ] ' , 4 4 1 , ' 5 0 . 3 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 h a n a h a n d ' , ' w e i n b e r g r a . t h e h a l l m a r k s o f c a n c e r . c e l l . 2 0 0 0 ' , ' 1 0 0 [ 1 ] ' , 5 7 , ' 7 0 . 4 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 w o o d l d ' , ' p a r s o n s d w ' , ' j o n e s s ' , ' l i n j ' , ' s j o b l o m t ' , ' l e a r y r j ' , ' e t a l . t h e g e n o m i c l a n d s c a p e s o f h u m a n b r e a s t a n d c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r s . s c i e n c e s i g n a l l i n g . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 3 1 8 [ 5 8 5 3 ] ' , ' 1 1 0 8 . 5 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 n o f f s i n g e r a e . s e r r a t e d p o l y p s a n d c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r ' , ' n e w p a t h w a y t o m a l i g n a n c y . a n n u a l r e v i e w o f p a t h o l o g i c a l m e c h a n i c a l d i s e a s e . 2 0 0 9 ' , 4 , 3 4 3 , ' 6 4 . 6 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 i s s a q h j ' , ' b l o n d e r j . e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s a n d l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h y / t a n d e m m a s s s p e c t r o m e t r y i n d i s e a s e b i o m a r k e r d i s c o v e r y . j o u r n a l o f c h r o m a t o g r a p h y b . 2 0 0 9 ' , ' 8 7 7 [ 1 3 ] ' , 1 2 2 2 , ' 8 . 7 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 k u m a r s ' , ' m o h a n a ' , ' g u l e r i a r . b i o m a r k e r s i n c a n c e r s c r e e n i n g ' , ' r e s e a r c h a n d d e t e c t i o n ' , ' p r e s e n t a n d f u t u r e ' , ' a r e v i e w . b i o m a r k e r s . 2 0 0 6 s e p ' , ' o c t ' , ' 1 1 [ 5 ] ' , 3 8 5 , ' 4 0 5 . 8 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 f l e m i n g n ' , ' j o r i s s e n r n ' , ' m o u r a d o v d ' , ' c h r i s t i e m ' , ' s a k t h i a n a n d e s w a r e n a ' , ' p a l m i e r i m ' , ' e t a l . s m a d 2 ' , ' s m a d 3 a n d s m a d 4 m u t a t i o n s i n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . c a n c e r r e s e a r c h . 2 0 1 2 . 9 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a b d u l m u r a d n a ' , ' o t h m a n z ' , ' k h a l i d m ' , ' a b d u l r a z a k z ' , ' h u s s a i n r ' , ' n a d e s a n s ' , ' e t a l . m i s s e n s e m u t a t i o n s i n m l h 1 ' , ' m s h 2 ' , ' k r a s ' , ' a n d a p c g e n e s i n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r p a t i e n t s i n m a l a y s i a . d i g e s t i v e d i s e a s e s a n d s c i e n c e s . 1 ' , ' 1 0 . 1 0 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 j e e m ' , ' l e e s h ' , ' y o o n j . s o m a t i c m u t a t i o n o f a t u m o r s u p p r e s s o r g e n e b a p 1 i s r a r e i n b r e a s t ' , ' p r o s t a t e ' , ' g a s t r i c a n d c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r s . a p m i s . 2 0 1 2 . 1 1 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 v o n h o l s t s ' , ' p i c e l l i s ' , ' e d l e r d ' , ' l e n a n d e r c ' , ' d a l é n j ' , ' h j e r n f ' , ' e t a l . a s s o c i a t i o n s t u d i e s o n 1 1 p u b l i s h e d c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r r i s k l o c i . b r i t i s h j o u r n a l o f c a n c e r . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 1 0 3 [ 4 ] ' , 5 7 5 , ' 8 0 . 1 2 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 v o g e l s t e i n b ' , ' f e a r o n e ' , ' h a m i l t o n s . g e n e t i c a l t e r a t i o n s d u r i n g c o l o r e c t a l ' , ' t u m o r d e v e l o p m e n t . j o u r n a l o f o c c u p a t i o n a l a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l m e d i c i n e . 1 9 8 9 ' , ' 3 1 [ 1 0 ] ' , ' 8 1 5 . 1 3 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 d e r y n c k r ' , ' a k h u r s t r j ' , ' b a l m a i n a . t g f ' , ' β s i g n a l i n g i n t u m o r s u p p r e s s i o n a n d c a n c e r p r o g r e s s i o n . n a t u r e g e n e t i c s . 2 0 0 1 ' , ' 2 9 [ 2 ] ' , 1 1 7 , ' 2 9 . 1 4 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 n o s h o k ' , ' i r a h a r a n ' , ' s h i m a k ' , ' k u r e s ' , ' k i r k n e r g j ' , ' s c h e r n h a m m e r e s ' , ' e t a l . c o m p r e h e n s i v e b i o s t a t i s t i c a l a n a l y s i s o f c p g i s l a n d m e t h y l a t o r p h e n o t y p e i n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r u s i n g a l a r g e p o p u l a t i o n ' , ' b a s e d s a m p l e . p l o s o n e . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 3 [ 1 1 ] ' , ' e 3 6 9 8 . 1 5 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 s a m o w i t z w s ' , ' a l b e r t s e n h ' , ' h e r r i c k j ' , ' l e v i n t r ' , ' s w e e n e y c ' , ' m u r t a u g h m a ' , ' e t a l . e v a l u a t i o n o f a l a r g e ' , ' p o p u l a t i o n ' , ' b a s e d s a m p l e s u p p o r t s a c p g i s l a n d m e t h y l a t o r p h e n o t y p e i n c o l o n c a n c e r . g a s t r o e n t e r o l o g y . 2 0 0 5 ' , ' 1 2 9 [ 3 ] ' , ' 8 3 7 . 1 6 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 t o m l i n s o n i ' , ' w e b b e ' , ' c a r v a j a l ' , ' c a r m o n a l ' , ' b r o d e r i c k p ' , ' k e m p z ' , ' s p a i n s ' , ' e t a l . a g e n o m e ' , ' w i d e a s s o c i a t i o n s c a n o f t a g s n p s i d e n t i f i e s a s u s c e p t i b i l i t y v a r i a n t f o r c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r a t 8 q 2 4 . 2 1 . n a t u r e g e n e t i c s . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 3 9 [ 8 ] ' , 9 8 4 , ' 8 . 1 7 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 t o m l i n s o n i p m ' , ' w e b b e ' , ' c a r v a j a l ' , ' c a r m o n a l ' , ' b r o d e r i c k p ' , ' h o w a r t h k ' , ' p i t t m a n a m ' , ' e t a l . a g e n o m e ' , ' w i d e a s s o c i a t i o n s t u d y i d e n t i f i e s c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r s u s c e p t i b i l i t y l o c i o n c h r o m o s o m e s 1 0 p 1 4 a n d 8 q 2 3 . 3 . n a t u r e g e n e t i c s . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 4 0 [ 5 ] ' , 6 2 3 , ' 3 0 . 1 8 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 z a n k e b w ' , ' g r e e n w o o d c m t ' , ' r a n g r e j j ' , ' k u s t r a r ' , ' t e n e s a a ' , ' f a r r i n g t o n s m ' , ' e t a l . g e n o m e ' , ' w i d e a s s o c i a t i o n s c a n i d e n t i f i e s a c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r s u s c e p t i b i l i t y l o c u s o n c h r o m o s o m e 8 q 2 4 . n a t u r e g e n e t i c s . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 3 9 [ 8 ] ' , 9 8 9 , ' 9 4 . 1 9 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 k u p f e r s s ' , ' a n d e r s o n j r ' , ' h o o k e r s ' , ' s k o l a ' , ' k i t t l e s r a ' , ' k e k u t o ' , ' e t a l . g e n e t i c h e t e r o g e n e i t y i n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r a s s o c i a t i o n s b e t w e e n a f r i c a n a n d e u r o p e a n a m e r i c a n s . g a s t r o e n t e r o l o g y . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 1 3 9 [ 5 ] ' , 1 6 7 7 , ' 8 5 . e 8 . 2 0 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 t e n e s a a ' , ' f a r r i n g t o n s m ' , ' p r e n d e r g a s t j g d ' , ' p o r t e o u s m e ' , ' w a l k e r m ' , ' h a q n ' , ' e t a l . g e n o m e ' , ' w i d e a s s o c i a t i o n s c a n i d e n t i f i e s a c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r s u s c e p t i b i l i t y l o c u s o n 1 1 q 2 3 a n d r e p l i c a t e s r i s k l o c i a t 8 q 2 4 a n d 1 8 q 2 1 . n a t u r e g e n e t i c s . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 4 0 [ 5 ] ' , 6 3 1 , ' 7 . 2 1 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 p i t t m a n a m ' , ' w e b b e ' , ' c a r v a j a l ' , ' c a r m o n a l ' , ' h o w a r t h k ' , ' d i b e r n a r d o m c ' , ' b r o d e r i c k p ' , ' e t a l . r e f i n e m e n t o f t h e b a s i s a n d i m p a c t o f c o m m o n 1 1 q 2 3 . 1 v a r i a t i o n t o t h e r i s k o f d e v e l o p i n g c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . h u m a n m o l e c u l a r g e n e t i c s . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 1 7 [ 2 3 ] ' , 3 7 2 0 , ' 7 . 2 2 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 t u u p a n e n s ' , ' n i i t t y m ä k i i ' , ' n o u s i a i n e n k ' , ' v a n h a r a n t a s ' , ' m e c k l i n j p ' , ' n u o r v a k ' , ' e t a l . a l l e l i c i m b a l a n c e a t r s 6 9 8 3 2 6 7 s u g g e s t s s e l e c t i o n o f t h e r i s k a l l e l e i n s o m a t i c c o l o r e c t a l t u m o r e v o l u t i o n . c a n c e r r e s e a r c h . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 6 8 [ 1 ] ' , 1 4 , ' 7 . 2 3 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 t u u p a n e n s ' , ' t u r u n e n m ' , ' l e h t o n e n r ' , ' h a l l i k a s o ' , ' v a n h a r a n t a s ' , ' k i v i o j a t ' , ' e t a l . t h e c o m m o n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r p r e d i s p o s i t i o n s n p r s 6 9 8 3 2 6 7 a t c h r o m o s o m e 8 q 2 4 c o n f e r s p o t e n t i a l t o e n h a n c e d w n t s i g n a l i n g . n a t u r e g e n e t i c s . 2 0 0 9 ' , ' 4 1 [ 8 ] ' , 8 8 5 , ' 9 0 . 2 4 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 j a e g e r e ' , ' w e b b e ' , ' h o w a r t h k ' , ' c a r v a j a l ' , ' c a r m o n a l ' , ' r o w a n a ' , ' b r o d e r i c k p ' , ' e t a l . c o m m o n g e n e t i c v a r i a n t s a t t h e c r a c 1 [ h m p s ] l o c u s o n c h r o m o s o m e 1 5 q 1 3 . 3 i n f l u e n c e c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r r i s k . n a t u r e g e n e t i c s . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 4 0 [ 1 ] ' , 2 6 , ' 8 . 2 5 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 t h o m p s o n c l ' , ' p l u m m e r s j ' , ' a c h e s o n l s ' , ' t u c k e r t c ' , ' c a s e y g ' , ' l i l . a s s o c i a t i o n o f c o m m o n g e n e t i c v a r i a n t s i n s m a d 7 a n d r i s k o f c o l o n c a n c e r . c a r c i n o g e n e s i s . 2 0 0 9 ' , ' 3 0 [ 6 ] ' , 9 8 2 , ' 6 . 2 6 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 h o u l s t o n r s ' , ' w e b b e ' , ' b r o d e r i c k p ' , ' p i t t m a n a m ' , ' d i b e r n a r d o m c ' , ' l u b b e s ' , ' e t a l . m e t a ' , ' a n a l y s i s o f g e n o m e ' , ' w i d e a s s o c i a t i o n d a t a i d e n t i f i e s f o u r n e w s u s c e p t i b i l i t y l o c i f o r c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . n a t u r e g e n e t i c s . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 4 0 [ 1 2 ] ' , 1 4 2 6 , ' 3 5 . 2 7 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 s a f a e i a ' , ' k a r i m i k ' , ' a r k a n i m ' , ' r o s t a m i f ' , ' a r b a b i e ' , ' v a h e d i m ' , ' e t a l . a s s o c i a t i o n o f a d i p o n e c t i n g e n e [ r s 2 2 4 1 7 6 6 ] p o l y m o r p h i s m a n d c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r i n t e h r a n ' , ' i r a n . m e d i c a l s c i e n c e j o u r n a l o f i s l a m i c a z a d u n i v e s i t y ' , ' t e h r a n m e d i c a l b r a n c h . 2 0 1 2 ' , ' 2 2 [ 2 ] ' , 1 1 0 , ' 5 . 2 8 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a r k a n i m ' , ' s a f a e i a ' , ' k a r i m i k ' , ' a r b a b i e ' , ' r o s t a m i f ' , ' i m a n m ' , ' e t a l . a s s o c i a t i o n o f t h e i n s u l i n g e n e p o l y m o r p h i s m a n d c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . k o o m e s h . 2 0 1 2 ' , ' 1 3 [ 2 ] ' , 1 7 2 , ' 6 . 2 9 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a r k a n i m ' , ' s a f a e i a ' , ' k a r i m i k ' , ' v a h e d i m ' , ' m o h e b i s r ' , ' f a t e m i s r ' , ' e t a l . a s s o c i a t i o n o f i g f ' , ' 1 g e n e [ r s 5 7 4 2 6 1 2 ] p o l y m o r p h i s m w i t h c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . j o u r n a l o f s a b z e v a r u n i v e r s i t y o f m e d i c a l s c i e n c e s . 2 0 1 2 ' , ' 1 9 [ 2 ] ' , 1 0 9 , ' 1 5 . 3 0 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a a l t o n e n l a ' , ' p e l t o m ä k i p ' , ' m e c k l i n j p ' , ' j ä r v i n e n h ' , ' j a s s j r ' , ' g r e e n j s ' , ' e t a l . r e p l i c a t i o n e r r o r s i n b e n i g n a n d m a l i g n a n t t u m o r s f r o m h e r e d i t a r y n o n p o l y p o s i s c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r p a t i e n t s . c a n c e r r e s e a r c h . 1 9 9 4 ' , ' 5 4 [ 7 ] ' , 1 6 4 5 , ' 8 . 3 1 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 b o l a n d c r ' , ' g o e l a . m i c r o s a t e l l i t e i n s t a b i l i t y i n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . g a s t r o e n t e r o l o g y . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 1 3 8 [ 6 ] ' , 2 0 7 3 , ' 8 7 . e 3 . 3 2 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 v i l a r e ' , ' g r u b e r s b . m i c r o s a t e l l i t e i n s t a b i l i t y i n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r t h e s t a b l e e v i d e n c e . n a t u r e r e v i e w s c l i n i c a l o n c o l o g y . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 7 [ 3 ] ' , 1 5 3 , ' 6 2 . 3 3 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 s ö r e i d e k ' , ' j a n s s e n e ' , ' s ö i l a n d h ' , ' k ö r n e r h ' , ' b a a k j . m i c r o s a t e l l i t e i n s t a b i l i t y i n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . b r i t i s h j o u r n a l o f s u r g e r y . 2 0 0 6 ' , ' 9 3 [ 4 ] ' , 3 9 5 , ' 4 0 6 . 3 4 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a a l t o n e n l a ' , ' p e l t o m ä k i p ' , ' l e a c h f s ' , ' s i s t o n e n p ' , ' p y l k k ä n e n l ' , ' m e c k l i n j p ' , ' e t a l . c l u e s t o t h e p a t h o g e n e s i s o f f a m i l i a l c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . s c i e n c e [ n e w y o r k ' , ' n y ] . 1 9 9 3 ' , ' 2 6 0 [ 5 1 0 9 ] ' , ' 8 1 2 . 3 5 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 d u v a l a ' , ' h a m e l i n r . m u t a t i o n s a t c o d i n g r e p e a t s e q u e n c e s i n m i s m a t c h r e p a i r ' , ' d e f i c i e n t h u m a n c a n c e r s t o w a r d a n e w c o n c e p t o f t a r g e t g e n e s f o r i n s t a b i l i t y . c a n c e r r e s e a r c h . 2 0 0 2 ' , ' 6 2 [ 9 ] ' , 2 4 4 7 , ' 5 4 . 3 6 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a u s t d e ' , ' t e r d i m a n j p ' , ' w i l l e n b u c h e r r f ' , ' c h a n g c g ' , ' m o l i n a r o c l a r k a ' , ' b a r e t t o n g b ' , ' e t a l . t h e a p c / β c a t e n i n p a t h w a y i n u l c e r a t i v e c o l i t i s r e l a t e d c o l o r e c t a l c a r c i n o m a s . c a n c e r . 2 0 0 2 ' , ' 9 4 [ 5 ] ' , 1 4 2 1 , ' 7 . 3 7 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 m o g h b e l i m ' , ' m o a v e n o ' , ' d a d k h a h e ' , ' f a r z a d n i a m ' , ' r o s h a n n ' , ' a s a d z a d e h ' , ' a g h d a e e h ' , ' e t a l . h i g h f r e q u e n c y o f m i c r o s a t e l l i t e i n s t a b i l i t y i n s p o r a d i c c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r p a t i e n t s i n i r a n . g e n e t i c s a n d m o l e c u l a r r e s e a r c h . 2 0 1 1 ' , ' 1 0 [ 4 ] ' , 3 5 2 0 , ' 9 . 3 8 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 g r a d y w m . g e n o m i c i n s t a b i l i t y a n d c o l o n c a n c e r . c a n c e r a n d m e t a s t a s i s r e v i e w s . 2 0 0 4 ' , ' 2 3 [ 1 ] ' , 1 1 , ' 2 7 . 3 9 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 l u r j e g ' , ' z h a n g w ' , ' l e n z h j . m o l e c u l a r p r o g n o s t i c m a r k e r s i n l o c a l l y a d v a n c e d c o l o n c a n c e r . c l i n i c a l c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 6 [ 1 0 ] ' , 6 8 3 , ' 9 0 . 4 0 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 r a t t o c ' , ' s o f o l ' , ' i p p o l i t i m ' , ' m e r i c o m ' , ' d o g l i e t t o g b ' , ' c r u c i t t i f . p r o g n o s t i c f a c t o r s i n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . d i s e a s e s o f t h e c o l o n & ' , ' r e c t u m . 1 9 9 8 ' , ' 4 1 [ 8 ] ' , 1 0 3 3 , ' 4 9 . 4 1 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 s h a n k a r a n v ' , ' w i s i n s k i k b ' , ' m u l c a h y m f ' , ' b e n s o n a b . t h e r o l e o f m o l e c u l a r m a r k e r s i n p r e d i c t i n g r e s p o n s e t o t h e r a p y i n p a t i e n t s w i t h c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . m o l e c u l a r d i a g n o s i s & ' , ' t h e r a p y . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 1 2 [ 2 ] ' , 8 7 , ' 9 8 . 4 2 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 l o c k e r g y ' , ' h a m i l t o n s ' , ' h a r r i s j ' , ' j e s s u p j m ' , ' k e m e n y n ' , ' m a c d o n a l d j s ' , ' e t a l . a s c o 2 0 0 6 u p d a t e o f r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s f o r t h e u s e o f t u m o r m a r k e r s i n g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l c a n c e r . j o u r n a l o f c l i n i c a l o n c o l o g y . 2 0 0 6 ' , ' 2 4 [ 3 3 ] ' , 5 3 1 3 , ' 2 7 . 4 3 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 n a k a o m ' , ' k a w a u c h i s ' , ' f u r u y a t ' , ' u c h i y a m a t ' , ' a d a c h i j ' , ' o k a d a t ' , ' e t a l . i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f d n a c o p y n u m b e r a b e r r a t i o n s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h m e t a s t a s e s o f c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r u s i n g a r r a y c g h p r o f i l e s . c a n c e r g e n e t i c s a n d c y t o g e n e t i c s . 2 0 0 9 ' , ' 1 8 8 [ 2 ] ' , 7 0 , ' 6 . 4 4 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 s a n d b e r g a a ' , ' m e l o n i ' , ' e h r i g a m . c y t o g e n e t i c s a n d g e n e t i c s o f h u m a n c a n c e r ' , ' m e t h o d s a n d a c c o m p l i s h m e n t s . c a n c e r g e n e t i c s a n d c y t o g e n e t i c s . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 2 0 3 [ 2 ] ' , 1 0 2 , ' 2 6 . 4 5 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 p i n o m s ' , ' c h u n g d c . t h e c h r o m o s o m a l i n s t a b i l i t y p a t h w a y i n c o l o n c a n c e r . g a s t r o e n t e r o l o g y . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 1 3 8 [ 6 ] ' , 2 0 5 9 , ' 7 2 . 4 6 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 k n ö s e l t ' , ' p e t e r s e n s ' , ' s c h w a b e h ' , ' s c h l ü n s k ' , ' s t e i n u ' , ' s c h l a g p ' , ' e t a l . i n c i d e n c e o f c h r o m o s o m a l i m b a l a n c e s i n a d v a n c e d c o l o r e c t a l c a r c i n o m a s a n d t h e i r m e t a s t a s e s . v i r c h o w s a r c h i v . 2 0 0 2 ' , ' 4 4 0 [ 2 ] ' , 1 8 7 , ' 9 4 . 4 7 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 w a t a n a b e t ' , ' w u t t ' , ' c a t a l a n o p j ' , ' u e k i t ' , ' s a t r i a n o r ' , ' h a l l e r d g ' , ' e t a l . m o l e c u l a r p r e d i c t o r s o f s u r v i v a l a f t e r a d j u v a n t c h e m o t h e r a p y f o r c o l o n c a n c e r . n e w e n g l a n d j o u r n a l o f m e d i c i n e . 2 0 0 1 ' , ' 3 4 4 [ 1 6 ] ' , 1 1 9 6 , ' 2 0 6 . 4 8 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a l b e r i c i p ' , ' f o d d e r . t h e r o l e o f t h e a p c t u m o r s u p p r e s s o r i n c h r o m o s o m a l i n s t a b i l i t y . 2 0 0 6 . 4 9 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 o g i n o s ' , ' n o s h o k ' , ' i r a h a r a n ' , ' s h i m a k ' , ' b a b a y ' , ' k i r k n e r g j ' , ' e t a l . p r o g n o s t i c s i g n i f i c a n c e a n d m o l e c u l a r a s s o c i a t i o n s o f 1 8 q l o s s o f h e t e r o z y g o s i t y ' , ' a c o h o r t s t u d y o f m i c r o s a t e l l i t e s t a b l e c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r s . j o u r n a l o f c l i n i c a l o n c o l o g y . 2 0 0 9 ' , ' 2 7 [ 2 7 ] ' , 4 5 9 1 , ' 8 . 5 0 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 n a k a z a w a t ' , ' k o n d o t ' , ' m a d ' , ' n i u d ' , ' m o c h i z u k i k ' , ' k a w a s a k i t ' , ' e t a l . g l o b a l h i s t o n e m o d i f i c a t i o n o f h i s t o n e h 3 i n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r a n d i t s p r e c u r s o r l e s i o n s . h u m a n p a t h o l o g y . 2 0 1 2 ' , ' 4 3 [ 6 ] ' , 8 3 4 , ' 4 2 . 5 1 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 s h a r m a s ' , ' k e l l y t k ' , ' j o n e s p a . e p i g e n e t i c s i n c a n c e r . c a r c i n o g e n e s i s . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 3 1 [ 1 ] ' , 2 7 , ' 3 6 . 5 2 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 s u z u k i h ' , ' w a t k i n s d n ' , ' j a i r k w ' , ' s c h u e b e l k e ' , ' m a r k o w i t z s d ' , ' c h e n w d ' , ' e t a l . e p i g e n e t i c i n a c t i v a t i o n o f s f r p g e n e s a l l o w s c o n s t i t u t i v e w n t s i g n a l i n g i n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . n a t u r e g e n e t i c s . 2 0 0 4 ' , ' 3 6 [ 4 ] ' , 4 1 7 , ' 2 2 . 5 3 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 t s a i h c ' , ' b a y l i n s b . c a n c e r e p i g e n e t i c s ' , ' l i n k i n g b a s i c b i o l o g y t o c l i n i c a l m e d i c i n e . c e l l r e s e a r c h . 2 0 1 1 ' , ' 2 1 [ 3 ] ' , 5 0 2 , ' 1 7 . 5 4 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 s c h u e b e l k e ' , ' c h e n w ' , ' c o p e l ' , ' g l ö c k n e r s c ' , ' s u z u k i h ' , ' y i j m ' , ' e t a l . c o m p a r i n g t h e d n a h y p e r m e t h y l o m e w i t h g e n e m u t a t i o n s i n h u m a n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . p l o s g e n e t i c s . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 3 [ 9 ] ' , ' e 1 5 7 . 5 5 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a h n j b ' , ' c h u n g w b ' , ' m a e d a o ' , ' s h i n s j ' , ' k i m h s ' , ' c h u n g h c ' , ' e t a l . d n a m e t h y l a t i o n p r e d i c t s r e c u r r e n c e f r o m r e s e c t e d s t a g e i i i p r o x i m a l c o l o n c a n c e r . c a n c e r . 2 0 1 1 ' , ' 1 1 7 [ 9 ] ' , 1 8 4 7 , ' 5 4 . 5 6 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 m i g l i o r e l ' , ' m i g h e l i f ' , ' s p i s n i r ' , ' c o p p e d è f . g e n e t i c s ' , ' c y t o g e n e t i c s ' , ' a n d e p i g e n e t i c s o f c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . j o u r n a l o f b i o m e d i c i n e a n d b i o t e c h n o l o g y . 2 0 1 1 ' , ' 2 0 1 1 . 5 7 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 n a j j a r s a d e g h i r ' , ' z o j a j i h ' , ' m o h e b b i s r ' , ' c h i a n i m ' , ' v a h e d i m ' , ' m i r s a t t a r i d ' , ' e t a l . e v a l u a t i o n o f g l o b a l g e n o m e m e t h y l a t i o n i n g a s t r i t i s l e s i o n a n d i t s c o r r e l a t i o n w i t h c l i n i c o p a t o l o g i c a l f i n d i n g s . o n c o l o g y r e s e a r c h f e a t u r i n g p r e c l i n i c a l a n d c l i n i c a l c a n c e r t h e r a p e u t i c s . 2 0 0 9 ' , ' 1 7 [ 1 1 ' , ' 1 2 ] ' , 1 1 , ' 2 . 5 8 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 y i n g j ' , ' p o o n f ' , ' y u j ' , ' g e n g h ' , ' w o n g a ' , ' q i u g ' , ' e t a l . d l e c 1 i s a f u n c t i o n a l 3 p 2 2 . 3 t u m o u r s u p p r e s s o r s i l e n c e d b y p r o m o t e r c p g m e t h y l a t i o n i n c o l o n a n d g a s t r i c c a n c e r s . b r i t i s h j o u r n a l o f c a n c e r . 2 0 0 9 ' , ' 1 0 0 [ 4 ] ' , 6 6 3 , ' 9 . 5 9 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 r a m i r e z n ' , ' b a n d r e s e ' , ' n a v a r r o a ' , ' p o n s a ' , ' j a n s a s ' , ' m o r e n o i ' , ' e t a l . e p i g e n e t i c e v e n t s i n n o r m a l c o l o n i c m u c o s a s u r r o u n d i n g c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r l e s i o n s . e u r o p e a n j o u r n a l o f c a n c e r . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 4 4 [ 1 7 ] ' , 2 6 8 9 , ' 9 5 . 6 0 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a n b ' , ' k o n d o y ' , ' o k a m o t o y ' , ' s h i n j o k ' , ' k a n e m i t s u y ' , ' k o m o r i k ' , ' e t a l . c h a r a c t e r i s t i c m e t h y l a t i o n p r o f i l e i n c p g i s l a n d m e t h y l a t o r p h e n o t y p e n e g a t i v e d i s t a l c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r s . i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f c a n c e r . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 1 2 7 [ 9 ] ' , 2 0 9 5 , ' 1 0 5 . 6 1 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 l a o v v ' , ' g r a d y w m . e p i g e n e t i c s a n d c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . n a t u r e r e v i e w s g a s t r o e n t e r o l o g y a n d h e p a t o l o g y . 2 0 1 1 . 6 2 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 i t z k o w i t z s h ' , ' j a n d o r f l ' , ' b r a n d r ' , ' r a b e n e c k l ' , ' s c h r o y p c ' , ' s o n t a g s ' , ' e t a l . i m p r o v e d f e c a l d n a t e s t f o r c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r s c r e e n i n g . c l i n i c a l g a s t r o e n t e r o l o g y a n d h e p a t o l o g y . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 5 [ 1 ] ' , 1 1 1 , ' 7 . 6 3 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 i t z k o w i t z s ' , ' b r a n d r ' , ' j a n d o r f l ' , ' d u r k e e k ' , ' m i l l h o l l a n d j ' , ' r a b e n e c k l ' , ' e t a l . a s i m p l i f i e d ' , ' n o n i n v a s i v e s t o o l d n a t e s t f o r c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r d e t e c t i o n . t h e a m e r i c a n j o u r n a l o f g a s t r o e n t e r o l o g y . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 1 0 3 [ 1 1 ] ' , 2 8 6 2 , ' 7 0 . 6 4 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 j e n u w e i n t ' , ' a l l i s c d . t r a n s l a t i n g t h e h i s t o n e c o d e . s c i e n c e s i g n a l l i n g . 2 0 0 1 ' , ' 2 9 3 [ 5 5 3 2 ] ' , ' 1 0 7 4 . 6 5 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 e s t e l l e r m . e p i g e n e t i c s i n c a n c e r . n e w e n g l a n d j o u r n a l o f m e d i c i n e . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 3 5 8 [ 1 1 ] ' , 1 1 4 8 , ' 5 9 . 6 6 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 z a m o r e p d ' , ' h a l e y b . r i b o ' , ' g n o m e ' , ' t h e b i g w o r l d o f s m a l l r n a s . s c i e n c e s i g n a l l i n g . 2 0 0 5 ' , ' 3 0 9 [ 5 7 4 0 ] ' , ' 1 5 1 9 . 6 7 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 m a t s u b a r a n . e p i g e n e t i c r e g u l a t i o n a n d c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . d i s e a s e s o f t h e c o l o n & ' , ' r e c t u m . 2 0 1 2 ' , ' 5 5 [ 1 ] ' , ' 9 6 . 6 8 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 m a z ó n p e l á e z i ' , ' k a l o g e r o p o u l o u m ' , ' f e r r a r o a ' , ' v o u l g a r i a ' , ' p a n k o t a i t ' , ' b o r o s i ' , ' e t a l . o n c o g e n i c r a s a l t e r s t h e g l o b a l a n d g e n e ' , ' s p e c i f i c h i s t o n e m o d i f i c a t i o n p a t t e r n d u r i n g e p i t h e l i a l m e s e n c h y m a l t r a n s i t i o n i n c o l o r e c t a l c a r c i n o m a c e l l s . t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f b i o c h e m i s t r y & ' , ' c e l l b i o l o g y . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 4 2 [ 6 ] ' , 9 1 1 , ' 2 0 . 6 9 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 y a m a d a n ' , ' n i s h i d a y ' , ' t s u t s u m i d a h ' , ' h a m a d a t ' , ' g o t o m ' , ' h i g a s h i m ' , ' e t a l . m u c 1 e x p r e s s i o n i s r e g u l a t e d b y d n a m e t h y l a t i o n a n d h i s t o n e h 3 l y s i n e 9 m o d i f i c a t i o n i n c a n c e r c e l l s . c a n c e r r e s e a r c h . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 6 8 [ 8 ] ' , 2 7 0 8 , ' 1 6 . 7 0 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 n g u y e n c t ' , ' w e i s e n b e r g e r d j ' , ' v e l i c e s c u m ' , ' g o n z a l e s f a ' , ' l i n j c y ' , ' l i a n g g ' , ' e t a l . h i s t o n e h 3 ' , ' l y s i n e 9 m e t h y l a t i o n i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a b e r r a n t g e n e s i l e n c i n g i n c a n c e r c e l l s a n d i s r a p i d l y r e v e r s e d b y 5 ' , ' a z a ' , ' 2 ' , ' d e o x y c y t i d i n e . c a n c e r r e s e a r c h . 2 0 0 2 ' , ' 6 2 [ 2 2 ] ' , 6 4 5 6 , ' 6 1 . 7 1 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 v a l k ' , ' l i n g b e e k m e ' , ' b r u g g e m a n s w m ' , ' v a n l o h u i z e n m . s t e m c e l l s a n d c a n c e r ' , ' t h e p o l y c o m b c o n n e c t i o n . c e l l . 2 0 0 4 ' , ' 1 1 8 [ 4 ] ' , 4 0 9 , ' 1 8 . 7 2 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 y u n j ' , ' j o h n s o n j l ' , ' h a n i g a n c l ' , ' l o c a s a l e j w . i n t e r a c t i o n s b e t w e e n e p i g e n e t i c s a n d m e t a b o l i s m i n c a n c e r s . f r o n t i e r s i n o n c o l o g y . 2 0 1 2 ' , ' 2 . 7 3 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 y a m a d a n ' , ' h a m a d a t ' , ' g o t o m ' , ' t s u t s u m i d a h ' , ' h i g a s h i m ' , ' n o m o t o m ' , ' e t a l . m u c 2 e x p r e s s i o n i s r e g u l a t e d b y h i s t o n e h 3 m o d i f i c a t i o n a n d d n a m e t h y l a t i o n i n p a n c r e a t i c c a n c e r . i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f c a n c e r . 2 0 0 6 ' , ' 1 1 9 [ 8 ] ' , 1 8 5 0 , ' 7 . 7 4 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 r o s i n ' , ' a r b e s f e l d r ' , ' t o w n s l e y f ' , ' b i e n z m . t h e a p c t u m o u r s u p p r e s s o r h a s a n u c l e a r e x p o r t f u n c t i o n . n a t u r e . 2 0 0 0 ' , ' 4 0 6 [ 6 7 9 9 ] ' , 1 0 0 9 , ' 1 2 . 7 5 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a t t i s a n o l ' , ' w r a n a j l . s i g n a l t r a n s d u c t i o n b y t h e t g f ' , ' b e t a s u p e r f a m i l y . s c i e n c e s i g n a l l i n g . 2 0 0 2 ' , ' 2 9 6 [ 5 5 7 3 ] ' , ' 1 6 4 6 . 7 6 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 m e r c e r k e ' , ' p r i t c h a r d c a . r a f p r o t e i n s a n d c a n c e r ' , ' b ' , ' r a f i s i d e n t i f i e d a s a m u t a t i o n a l t a r g e t . b i o c h i m i c a e t b i o p h y s i c a a c t a [ b b a ] ' , ' r e v i e w s o n c a n c e r . 2 0 0 3 ' , ' 1 6 5 3 [ 1 ] ' , 2 5 , ' 4 0 . 7 7 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 b r o n n e r c ' , ' b a k e r s ' , ' m o r r i s o n p ' , ' w a r r e n g ' , ' s m i t h l ' , ' l e s c o e m ' , ' e t a l . m u t a t i o n i n t h e d n a m i s m a t c h r e p a i r g e n e h o m o l o g u e h m l h 1 i s . n a t u r e . 1 9 9 4 ' , ' 3 6 8 [ 6 4 6 8 ] ' , 2 5 8 , ' 6 1 . 7 8 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 b a k e r s m ' , ' b r o n n e r c e ' , ' z h a n g l ' , ' p l u g a w ' , ' r o b a t z e k m ' , ' w a r r e n g ' , ' e t a l . m a l e m i c e d e f e c t i v e i n t h e d n a m i s m a t c h r e p a i r g e n e & ' , ' l t ' , ' i & ' , ' g t ' , ' p m s 2 & ' , ' l t ' , ' / i & ' , ' g t ' , ' e x h i b i t a b n o r m a l c h r o m o s o m e s y n a p s i s i n m e i o s i s . c e l l . 1 9 9 5 ' , ' 8 2 [ 2 ] ' , 3 0 9 , ' 1 9 . 7 9 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 p o l l a k m n ' , ' s c h e r n h a m m e r e s ' , ' h a n k i n s o n s e . i n s u l i n ' , ' l i k e g r o w t h f a c t o r s a n d n e o p l a s i a . n a t u r e r e v i e w s c a n c e r . 2 0 0 4 ' , ' 4 [ 7 ] ' , 5 0 5 , ' 1 8 . 8 0 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 m i l l e r j r ' , ' h o c k i n g a m ' , ' b r o w n j d ' , ' m o o n r t . m e c h a n i s m a n d f u n c t i o n o f s i g n a l t r a n s d u c t i o n b y t h e w n t / b e t a ' , ' c a t e n i n a n d w n t / c a 2 + p a t h w a y s . o n c o g e n e . 1 9 9 9 ' , ' 1 8 [ 5 5 ] ' , ' 7 8 6 0 . 8 1 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 s u d a t ' , ' n a g a t a s . p u r i f i c a t i o n a n d c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t h e f a s ' , ' l i g a n d t h a t i n d u c e s a p o p t o s i s . t h e j o u r n a l o f e x p e r i m e n t a l m e d i c i n e . 1 9 9 4 ' , ' 1 7 9 [ 3 ] ' , 8 7 3 , ' 9 . 8 2 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 h o p f n e r k ' , ' p ' , ' k a r c h e r a ' , ' s h i n d s ' , ' c r a i g l ' , ' a r t h u r l m ' , ' c a r n e y j p ' , ' e t a l . s t r u c t u r a l b i o l o g y o f r a d 5 0 a t p a s e ' , ' a t p ' , ' d r i v e n c o n f o r m a t i o n a l c o n t r o l i n d n a d o u b l e ' , ' s t r a n d b r e a k r e p a i r a n d t h e a b c ' , ' a t p a s e s u p e r f a m i l y . c e l l . 2 0 0 0 ' , ' 1 0 1 [ 7 ] ' , 7 8 9 , ' 8 0 0 . 8 3 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 z a p h i r o p o u l o s p g ' , ' g a i l a n i m r ' , ' v o r e c h o v s k y i ' , ' h o l m b e r g e ' , ' s m y t h i ' , ' p r e s s m a n c ' , ' e t a l . m u t a t i o n s o f t h e h u m a n h o m o l o g o f d r o s o p h i l a p a t c h e d i n t h e n e v o i d b a s a l c e l l c a r c i n o m a s y n d r o m e . c e l l . 1 9 9 6 ' , 8 5 , 8 4 1 , ' 5 1 . 8 4 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 w h i t m a n m . s m a d s a n d e a r l y d e v e l o p m e n t a l s i g n a l i n g b y t h e t g f β s u p e r f a m i l y . g e n e s & ' , ' d e v e l o p m e n t . 1 9 9 8 ' , ' 1 2 [ 1 6 ] ' , 2 4 4 5 , ' 6 2 . 8 5 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a l c a n t a r a s ' , ' r u i z m ' , ' d e c a s t r o f ' , ' s o r i a n o e ' , ' s o t e l o c . n e t r i n 1 a c t s a s a n a t t r a c t i v e o r a s a r e p u l s i v e c u e f o r d i s t i n c t m i g r a t i n g n e u r o n s d u r i n g t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e c e r e b e l l a r s y s t e m . d e v e l o p m e n t . 2 0 0 0 ' , ' 1 2 7 [ 7 ] ' , 1 3 5 9 , ' 7 2 . 8 6 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 k o t a k e y ' , ' c a o r ' , ' v i a t o u r p ' , ' s a g e j ' , ' z h a n g y ' , ' x i o n g y . p r b f a m i l y p r o t e i n s a r e r e q u i r e d f o r h 3 k 2 7 t r i m e t h y l a t i o n a n d p o l y c o m b r e p r e s s i o n c o m p l e x e s b i n d i n g t o a n d s i l e n c i n g p 1 6 i n k 4 a t u m o r s u p p r e s s o r g e n e . g e n e s & ' , ' d e v e l o p m e n t . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 2 1 [ 1 ] ' , 4 9 , ' 5 4 . 8 7 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 a l e x a n d e r w s ' , ' h i l t o n d j . t h e r o l e o f s u p p r e s s o r s o f c y t o k i n e s i g n a l i n g [ s o c s ] p r o t e i n s i n r e g u l a t i o n o f t h e i m m u n e r e s p o n s e . a n n u r e v i m m u n o l . 2 0 0 4 ' , 2 2 , 5 0 3 , ' 2 9 . 8 8 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 p h i l i p p o v a m ' , ' i v a n o v d ' , ' t k a c h u k v ' , ' e r n e p ' , ' r e s i n k t . p o l a r i s a t i o n o f t ' , ' c a d h e r i n t o t h e l e a d i n g e d g e o f m i g r a t i n g v a s c u l a r c e l l s i n v i t r o ' , ' a f u n c t i o n i n v a s c u l a r c e l l m o t i l i t y ? h i s t o c h e m i s t r y a n d c e l l b i o l o g y . 2 0 0 3 ' , ' 1 2 0 [ 5 ] ' , 3 5 3 , ' 6 0 . 8 9 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 b a e s ' , ' c ' , ' c h o i j ' , ' k . t u m o r s u p p r e s s o r a c t i v i t y o f r u n x 3 . o n c o g e n e . 2 0 0 4 ' , ' 2 3 [ 2 4 ] ' , 4 3 3 6 , ' 4 0 . 9 0 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x u s ' , ' j i a z ' , ' f ' , ' k a n g c ' , ' h u a n g q ' , ' w a n g g ' , ' l i u x ' , ' e t a l . u p r e g u l a t i o n o f s e p t 7 g e n e i n h i b i t s i n v a s i o n o f h u m a n g l i o m a c e l l s . c a n c e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 2 8 [ 3 ] ' , 2 4 8 , ' 5 8 . 9 1 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 g u a r i n o m ' , ' r u b i n o b ' , ' b a l l a b i o g . t h e r o l e o f e p i t h e l i a l ' , ' m e s e n c h y m a l t r a n s i t i o n i n c a n c e r p a t h o l o g y . p a t h o l o g y . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 3 9 [ 3 ] ' , 3 0 5 , ' 1 8 . 9 2 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 y a n g l ' , ' b e l a g u l i n ' , ' b e r g e r d h . m i c r o r n a a n d c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . w o r l d j o u r n a l o f s u r g e r y . 2 0 0 9 ' , ' 3 3 [ 4 ] ' , 6 3 8 , ' 4 6 . 9 3 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 w u w k k ' , ' l a w p t y ' , ' l e e c w ' , ' c h o c h ' , ' f a n d ' , ' w u k ' , ' e t a l . m i c r o r n a i n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r ' , ' f r o m b e n c h t o p t o b e d s i d e . c a r c i n o g e n e s i s . 2 0 1 1 ' , ' 3 2 [ 3 ] ' , 2 4 7 , ' 5 3 . 9 4 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 s l a b y o ' , ' s v o b o d a m ' , ' f a b i a n p ' , ' s m e r d o v a t ' , ' k n o f l i c k o v a d ' , ' b e d n a r i k o v a m ' , ' e t a l . a l t e r e d e x p r e s s i o n o f m i r ' , 2 1 , ' m i r ' , 3 1 , ' m i r ' , ' 1 4 3 a n d m i r ' , ' 1 4 5 i s r e l a t e d t o c l i n i c o p a t h o l o g i c f e a t u r e s o f c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . o n c o l o g y . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 7 2 [ 5 ' , ' 6 ] ' , 3 9 7 , ' 4 0 2 . 9 5 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 n g e k o ' , ' c h o n g w w s ' , ' j i n h ' , ' l a m e k y ' , ' s h i n v y ' , ' y u j ' , ' e t a l . d i f f e r e n t i a l e x p r e s s i o n o f m i c r o r n a s i n p l a s m a o f p a t i e n t s w i t h c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r ' , ' a p o t e n t i a l m a r k e r f o r c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r s c r e e n i n g . g u t . 2 0 0 9 ' , ' 5 8 [ 1 0 ] ' , 1 3 7 5 , ' 8 1 . 9 6 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x i y ' , ' s h a l g i r ' , ' f o d s t a d o ' , ' p i l p e l y ' , ' j u j . d i f f e r e n t i a l l y r e g u l a t e d m i c r o ' , ' r n a s a n d a c t i v e l y t r a n s l a t e d m e s s e n g e r r n a t r a n s c r i p t s b y t u m o r s u p p r e s s o r p 5 3 i n c o l o n c a n c e r . c l i n i c a l c a n c e r r e s e a r c h . 2 0 0 6 ' , ' 1 2 [ 7 ] ' , 2 0 1 4 , ' 2 4 . 9 7 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 n a k a j i m a g ' , ' h a y a s h i k ' , ' x i y ' , ' k u d o k ' , ' u c h i d a k ' , ' t a k a s a k i k ' , ' e t a l . n o n ' , ' c o d i n g m i c r o r n a s h s a ' , ' l e t ' , ' 7 g a n d h s a ' , ' m i r ' , ' 1 8 1 b a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h c h e m o r e s p o n s e t o s ' , ' 1 i n c o l o n c a n c e r . c a n c e r g e n o m i c s ' , ' p r o t e o m i c s . 2 0 0 6 ' , ' 3 [ 5 ] ' , 3 1 7 , ' 2 4 . 9 8 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 m i c h a e l m z ' , ' o & ' , ' # 0 3 9 ' , ' c o n n o r s m ' , ' v a n h o l s t p e l l e k a a n n g ' , ' y o u n g g p ' , ' j a m e s r j . r e d u c e d a c c u m u l a t i o n o f s p e c i f i c m i c r o r n a s i n c o l o r e c t a l n e o p l a s i a 1 1 n o t e ' , ' s u s a n m . o & ' , ' # 0 3 9 ' , ' c o n n o r a n d n i c h o l a s g . v a n h o l s t p e l l e k a a n c o n t r i b u t e d e q u a l l y t o t h i s w o r k . m o l e c u l a r c a n c e r r e s e a r c h . 2 0 0 3 ' , ' 1 [ 1 2 ] ' , 8 8 2 , ' 9 1 . 9 9 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 r a g u s a m ' , ' m a j o r a n a a ' , ' s t a t e l l o l ' , ' m a u g e r i m ' , ' s a l i t o l ' , ' b a r b a g a l l o d ' , ' e t a l . s p e c i f i c a l t e r a t i o n s o f m i c r o r n a t r a n s c r i p t o m e a n d g l o b a l n e t w o r k s t r u c t u r e i n c o l o r e c t a l c a r c i n o m a a f t e r c e t u x i m a b t r e a t m e n t . m o l e c u l a r c a n c e r t h e r a p e u t i c s . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 9 [ 1 2 ] ' , 3 3 9 6 , ' 4 0 9 . 1 0 0 . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 f a b e r c ' , ' k i r c h n e r t ' , ' h l u b e k f . t h e i m p a c t o f m i c r o r n a s o n c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . v i r c h o w s a r c h i v . 2 0 0 9 ' , ' 4 5 4 [ 4 ] ' , 3 5 9 , ' 6 7 . ' ]

میزبانی شده توسط پلتفرم ابری doprax.com

copyright © 2015-2023